In 2017, Christy & McNider published a study where they estimated and removed the volcanic effects from our UAH lower tropospheric (LT) temperature record, finding that 38% of the post-1979 warming trend was due to volcanic cooling early in the record.
Yesterday in my blog post I showed results from a 1D 2-layer forcing-feedback ocean model of global-average SSTs and deep-ocean temperature variations up through 2019. The model is forced with (1) the RCP6 radiative forcings scenario (mostly increasing anthropogenic greenhouse gases and aerosols and volcanoes) and (2) the observed history of El Nino and La Nina activity as expressed in the Multivariate ENSO Index (MEI) dataset. The model was optimized with adjustable parameters, with two of the requirements being model agreement with the HadSST global temperature trend during 1979-2019, and with deep-ocean (0-2000m) warming since 1990.
Since the period since 1979 is of such interest, I re-ran the model with the RCP6 volcanic aerosol forcing estimates removed. The results are shown in Fig. 1.
The results show that 41% of the ocean warming in the model was simply due to the two major volcanoes early in the record. This is in good agreement with the 38% estimate from the Christy & McNider study.
It is interesting to see the “true” warming effects of the 1982-83 and 1991-1993 El Nino episodes, which were masked by the eruptions. The peak model temperatures in those events were only 0.1 C below the record-setting 1997-98 El Nino, and 0.2 C below the 2015-16 El Nino.
This is not a new issue, of course, as Christy & McNider also published a similar analysis in Nature in 1994.
These volcanic effects on the post-1979 warming trend should always be kept in mind when discussing the post-1979 temperature trends.
NOTE: In a previous version of this post I suggested that the Christy & McNider (1994) paper had been scrubbed from Google. It turns out that Google could not find it if the authors’ middle initials were included (but DuckDuckGo had no problem finding it).
Brother printer is the globally used machine in industries, and home printing works. Millions of happy customers get satisfactory results with its outstanding print quality features.
brother printer error state
The HP LaserJet Printer Driver is an effective replacement for older drivers that may no longer be valid. Users can also choose to upgrade to this latest version in order to increase the performance of their operating system.
hp laserjet p1102w driver
Writing interesting articles on this topic This made me think and look forward to reading more.
This is a very tremendous article. You keep making progress in this way. Gambar Keren
I read this article. I think You put a great deal of exertion to make this article. All expert Article writer is here very helpful for me to create a new ideas about any topic.
This article is good. I will come to read it again
Canon manufactures excellent printers that professionals find good for their printer needs. Canon printers are ideal for high-volume printing. Canon printers are good for both home and office use. Canon printers deliver awesome print quality. In order to perform the setup process for your Canon printing device, you can head over to the official site ij.start.canon setup .
Canon is a prominent printer brand and has received numerous accolades from people worldwide. Canon printers make inkjet and laser printers. Whether you want to print, copy, or scan documents, you will find canon printers quite perfect for your printing needs. In order to perform the setup procedure for your newly bought Canon printer, you can get to the official site ij.start.canon setup right now.
Here you can find the best love shayari images in Hindi and English
Download the best web series in one click
Download the best mod apk in one click and here you will get the premium mod unlocked
Download the best status in one click
New website related Girls Dp is see– Girls Dp
Canon is an excellent printer with printing, copying, and scanning features and offers superb printout quality. Even printer experts find Canon printers ideal for professional use. The professional print quality and outstanding performance of Canon printers make them one of the best printer brands. Begin the printing procedure by carrying out the setup process via ij.start.canon setup now.
Some of the information is truly interesting. Well written and helpful to users.
Honda navigation update
Every user can update the honda navigation system with ease. All you have to do is follow some basic instructions, and you can update the honda Navi by yourself. Most of the time, customers ask whether their updates are free or paid.
We want to inform you that all Honda Navi updates are free of cost most of the time. A few times, the updates are paid if you have an older honda vehicle. Many times consumers end up paying a good amount of money to the local dealers. We want to inform you that you can get the updates for yourself without paying any additional fees or charges if you can follow some basic steps.
Wonderful Site and blog
Cricut cuts leather, card stock, sticky paper, and other materials into shapes. It can make crafts for you by cutting hard paper into greeting cards and labels. A Cricut machine buyer can also give an attractive shape to vinyl by cutting it with precision. Reach cricut.com/setup to set up your Cricut machine now.
You shared very helpful content. Keep it up the great work.
Post is very useful.Thank you this usefull information.
kids teaching world provides a great way romantic dp hd
Post is very useful.Thank you this usefull information. thanks!
my site is https://www.bongobanjo.in/
Big thumbs up for creating such a great blog page!
free web directory
Great Work
This is a very interesting blog. I’m interested in learning more about your blog. เว็บ red tiger
It’s encouraging to write and make this work out again. หวยคลิปโต
Thanks for the information about this Really nice Post.
Great Content Whatsapp DP